Originally Posted by monkey

1. Title tag
2. Domain name
3. How frequently site is updated
4. Keyword frequency
5. Backlinks

In no particular order. I would have included properly SEO'd pages, but I didn't because that's to broad, but I would expect proper use of h1 tags, meta tags, site description, robot text, etc. Some of these I feel aren't essential to ranking high for a particular keyword, but are just good habits to rank high.